Speech sound disorders affect clarity and pronunciation, including articulation, phonological errors, apraxia, dysarthria, and structural-related speech difficulties.
Fluency disorders disrupt speech flow, causing stuttering with repetitions or blocks and cluttering with fast, disorganized, or unclear speech patterns.
Communication skills, including difficulty expressing thoughts, understanding language, combining both, or using appropriate social communication in conversations.
Neurological and cognitive communication disorders impact speech, language, and comprehension due to brain injury, cognitive deficits.
Voice and resonance disorders affect speech quality, causing hoarseness, vocal cord paralysis, hypernasality, or hyponasality, impacting communication and vocal function.
Swallowing and feeding disorders, like dysphagia, impact safe eating and drinking, requiring specialized assessment and therapy for effective management.
Developmental and behavioral speech disorders affect communication, including selective mutism, speech delays, and autism, requiring early diagnosis.